新聞自選輯 20090121 歐巴馬就職篇

「我們準備好再次領導世界」 美首位黑人總統 奧巴馬今晨宣誓就職

奧巴馬昨宣誓就職美國第44任總統，寫下歷史新頁，成為美國建國233年來第一位非洲裔總統，也宣告美國正式進入奧巴馬時代。他在就職演說中強調，要建立負責任的文化，希望民眾團結發揮立國精神，一起克服金融海嘯、伊拉克戰爭等危機和難題。
白宮易主之創造歷史
「我 謹鄭重宣誓，我必忠實執行美國總統職務，竭盡全力，恪守、維護和捍衛美國憲法。」奧巴馬站在黑奴以血淚興建的國會山莊外，定於昨天正午12時（台灣時間今 天凌晨1時），在最高法院首席大法官羅伯茲（John Roberts）面前，宣讀美國《憲法》第2條第1款規定的35字總統就職誓詞，正式接任總統。

演說指美處於危機
奧 巴馬在就職演說中提到，他將帶領一個「處於危機的國家」，「我們所面臨的挑戰是很真實的，無法在短期內輕易克服，但終將會克服挑戰，準備好再次領導世 界」。奧巴馬提到美國面臨的戰爭是「充斥暴力和仇恨的廣大系統」，同時指出部分人的「貪婪和不負責任」導致美國經濟「嚴重衰退」。
奧巴馬就任，對這個自建國以來就難脫種族議題的國家來說，樹立曾經難以想像的政治里程碑。
到場觀禮的20歲華盛頓大學學生巴特勒說：「我沒想過在我這一世代（美國）能有黑人總統，我一定要親眼見證。」
現年47歲的奧巴馬就任後，也成為美國第五年輕的總統。宣誓就職總統後，奧巴馬發表就職演說，內容強調責任感及負責任兩大主題。隨後，奧巴馬陪同布希出席卸任儀式。
這 是自2001年以來，美國最新一次的政權轉移。副總統拜登（Joe Biden）先行宣誓後，緊接著才是總統宣誓重頭戲。昨天的大典開頭，是由福音派牧師華理克（Rick Warren）主持祈禱。分析家稍早指出，民主黨籍的奧巴馬邀請保守派的華理克，是為緩和與保守派的緊張關係，此舉具有相當的政治智慧；但因華理克高調反 對同性戀婚姻，故這項選擇也惹怒不少自由主義者。
昨天早上，奧巴馬先依源自於1933年小羅斯福總統的傳統，赴白宮對面拉法葉公園另一端，出席聖 公會聖約翰教堂的早禱。接著他與妻子蜜雪兒赴白宮，與即將卸任的布希及其夫人蘿拉喝咖啡，然後兩對夫婦再共乘重裝甲防彈凱迪拉克（Cadillac）加長 禮車，一起動身前往國會山莊，進行政權交接儀式。

我慶賀團持票觀禮
就職典禮總計發出24萬張免費門票，中華民國慶賀團團長王金平前晚證實，昨天到現場觀禮的每一位團員都有票。據了解，慶賀團全部坐在第12區，本屆就職大典觀禮席座位區共分16區，第12區是中間正面右邊的最後面一區，距宣誓台稍遠。
而沒有門票的民眾，則把國會山莊前的國家廣場擠得水洩不通，預估匯集逾200萬人，維安規模更是滴水不漏。凌晨3時，密勤局在會場及周遭進行最後一次安全檢查，華府各街頭封鎖，並在禁止通行的道路設置路障，處處可見警察及國民兵巡邏。
周二美國股市因投資人對奧巴馬演說中的經濟政策心存觀望，開盤時並未上演慶祝行情，反而因為美國銀行財報不佳，早盤下挫150點。

奧巴馬（Barack Obama）小檔案
◎年齡：47歲，1961/08/04生於夏威夷
◎背景：父為非洲肯亞黑人，母為美國堪薩斯州白人，繼父為印尼人
◎學歷：哥倫比亞大學政治學學士、哈佛大學法學院畢業
◎家庭狀況：與妻子蜜雪兒同為哈佛大學法學院畢業，育有兩女
◎從政經歷：
1996 首度當選伊利諾州州參議員
2000 參選伊利諾州聯邦眾議員失利
2004 首度當選伊利諾州聯邦參議員
2007/02 宣布參選美國總統
2008/08 獲民主黨總統候選人提名
2008/11/04 當選美國第44任總統
2009/01/20 宣誓就任美國第44任總統
【創下紀錄】
◎美國第一位黑人總統
◎就任時是美國第五年輕的總統，僅次於小羅斯福（42歲）、甘迺迪（43歲）、柯林頓（46歲）和格蘭特（46歲）
◎上任時聲望高達84%，破戰後美國歷任總統紀錄
◎就職典禮預估200萬人出席，可望創下最多人觀禮紀錄

拜登（Joe Biden） 65歲
◎學歷：德拉瓦大學歷史和政治雙學位學士
雪城大學法學士
◎家庭：元配杭特和女兒娜歐蜜車禍喪生，後與吉兒再婚；育有3名子女，長子在伊拉克服役
◎經歷：德拉瓦州參議員、參院司法及外交委員會主席、兩度角逐民主黨總統候選人失敗

美國總統就任誓詞
I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.
「我謹鄭重宣誓，我必忠實執行美國總統職務，竭盡全力，恪守、維護和捍衛美國憲法。」

奧巴馬就職演說摘要
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.
大家都知道我們正處於 危機之中。我們的國家正處於戰爭中，對抗仇恨和罪惡。我們的經濟重創，全是因為有部份人貪婪與不負責任，也是因為我們大家沒準備好面對國家所面臨的新世紀 作出艱難選擇。人們失去家園，遭到裁員，企業關門。我們的健保費用太高，許多學校衰敗，每天都有更多證據顯示，我們使用能源的方法，壯大了我們的敵人，威 脅到我們的地球。
America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.
美國是每個追求和平與尊嚴的國家、男人、女人和兒童的朋友，我們已準備好再次領導。
What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility--a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly.
我們今天所需要的是負責任的新時代－－每個美國人都要認知，我們對自己、對國家、對世界都有責任，而且並非不情願地接受，而是快樂地把握的責任。

(蘋果日報)
--
歐巴馬就職演說 英文全文

My fellow citizens:

I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.

Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.

So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.

That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.

These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.

On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.

On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.

For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.

For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.

For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn.

Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.

This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.

For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.

Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.

Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.

Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.

We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.

For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.

To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.

To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.

As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.

For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.

Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.

This is the price and the promise of citizenship.

This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.

This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.

So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:

"Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it]."

America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.

(聯合報)
--
歐巴馬就職演說摘要

美國挑戰

‧我們都很清楚，我們正處於危機之中。國家處於戰爭，對抗無遠弗屆的暴力和仇恨。我們的經濟元氣大傷，這是部分人貪婪和不負責任的後果，也是我們在面對艱難抉擇和國家進入新時代時的全體之失。

‧今天我要告訴各位，我們面對的挑戰是真實不虛的，挑戰既繁且嚴重，短時間內無法輕易解決。但美國同胞們請了解，挑戰終將被克服。

‧從今天開始，我們必須振作精神，撢掉灰塵，重新開始再造美國。

經濟危機

‧當前經濟情勢亟需行動，迅速且大膽的行動，我們一定會動起來，不只創造新就業機會，也要為成長奠定新基礎。

‧有些人質疑我們過於雄心勃勃，認為我們的體系無法承受太多宏圖，這些人的健忘了，忘記這個國家已有的成就，忘記當想像力結合共同目標、需求結合勇氣時，這些自由的男男女女所能成就的事。

政治挑戰

‧譏諷懷疑論者不曉得他們失去立場，長期以來消耗著我們的陳腐政治爭議已經行不通，我們今天要問的不是我們的政府太大還是太小，而是我們的政府有沒有功效，是否能幫助家庭找到薪水不錯的工作，支付得起照顧費用、有尊嚴的退休。那個方向能提供肯定的答案，我們就往那裡走。

外交難題

‧我們的開國元勳面對難以想像的重重危機，起草了確保法治與人權的憲章，這個憲章經過歷代先人以鮮血而光大，這些理想依舊光照全世界，而我們不會為了權宜行事而放棄。

‧我們不會為了我們的生活方式抱歉，捍衛我們生活方式的決心也不會動搖，企圖藉由引發恐怖和殺害無辜達到其目標的人，我們現在告訴你們，我們的精神堅定不移，無從摧毀，你們無法比我們長久，我們將擊敗你們。

‧ 對於穆斯林世界，我們尋求向前邁進的新道路，以互利與相互尊重為基礎；對於企圖散播衝突，或將他們社會疾病歸咎於西方的國家領導人，你們應知道，人民對你 們的評斷是基於你們的建設，而不是你們的毀滅；對於那些藉著貪腐、欺騙和壓制異己掌權力的人，請注意，你們身處歷史錯誤的一邊；但只要你鬆手，我們就願意 伸手協助。

環境科學

‧我們將和老朋友與以前的敵人共同努力不懈，減輕核子威脅，以及愈來愈暖化的地球。

‧我們將恢復科學的正確地位，運用科技之奇來提升醫療品質、降低醫療成本，我們將利用太陽、風力、與土壤來供應汽車燃料、運轉工廠，讓國民學校、學院、和大學轉型，以符合新時代的需求，這些我們都能做到，這些我們都要做到。

種族融合

‧美國是基督徒、穆斯林、猶太人、印度教徒以及無神論者的國家，美國是各種語言和文化融合而成的。美國經歷過內戰和種族隔離而變得更強大、更團結，相信過去的仇恨總有一天會消解。

(聯合晚報)
--
歐巴馬就職稿 27歲型男寫的

美國新總統歐巴馬的就職演說講稿，竟是年僅廿七歲的小夥子泡星巴克咖啡店寫出來的。

稚氣未脫 首席文膽

歐巴馬發表就職演說時，小平頭，臉上帶著鬍渣、稚氣未脫的法夫洛（Jon Favreau）夾在達官顯要中，毫不起眼，但歐巴馬吐出的一字一句，全是他的心血結晶。

法夫洛是美國史上最年輕的總統就職演講撰稿人，這個歐巴馬口中「能讀我心」、深受他信任的年輕人將出任白宮首席文膽，領導白宮西廂十多名資深文膽。

麻州「聖十字學院」畢業

法夫洛二○○三年從聖十字學院畢業，位於麻州的此學院雖然知名度比不上哈佛、耶魯等長春藤名校，但文理科系在美國頗受好評，法夫洛還在畢業典禮上代表畢業生致辭。

二○○四年，法夫洛為當時的民主黨總統候選人柯瑞寫講稿，在民主黨全國代表大會結識歐巴馬。時任伊利諾州聯邦參議員的歐巴馬正為要在大會上發表的演說傷腦筋，法夫洛大膽建議他重寫，注重抑揚音律，讓歐巴馬大為折服。這場經法夫洛指點的演說，讓歐巴馬成為大會焦點。

經典口號 Yes, we can.

法夫洛被歐巴馬延攬投入總統大選，歐巴馬的經典口號「Yes, we can.」就出自他的巧思。他鑽研歐巴馬演說模式，不但熟記歐巴馬的民主黨大會演說，據說連歐巴馬自傳《來自父親的夢想》都隨身攜閱。

去年十一月歐巴馬當選時，歐巴馬和法夫洛只花一小時討論就職演說重點，就交給法夫洛發揮。

這兩個月法夫洛每天工作十六小時，助理小組遍訪史家、演講專家，也參考歷任總統的就職演說。資料準備就緒後，法夫洛就泡在華府的星巴克咖啡店動手寫就職講稿，經歐巴馬過目四、五次後定稿。

醉後惹上人形「希拉蕊」

繁重的工作壓力曾讓法夫洛凸槌。他去年十一月在一場宴會上喝醉，拿歐巴馬黨內競選對手希拉蕊的人形立牌開玩笑，對立牌上下其手，照片流到熱門社交網站Facebook，惹出不小風波。

(聯合報)
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宣誓就任美總統 歐巴馬：偉大必須去贏取

美國總統當選人歐巴馬於美東時間廿日中午十二時（台灣時間廿一日凌晨一時），在華府國會山莊廣場手按林肯總統當年就職所用的聖經，正式宣誓就任第美國四十四任、也是美國立國以來第一位非洲裔總統。

歐巴馬手按林肯用過的聖經宣誓，藉以彰顯歷史傳承意義，兩人同樣來自伊利諾州，在就職典禮舉行前，歐巴馬還循當年林肯搭乘火車的路線前往華府，並在林肯紀念堂舉辦活動。

在就職演說中，歐巴馬強調：「今天我們聚集在這裡，是因為我們捨恐懼而選擇希望，捨衝突紛爭而選擇團結同心。」他強調，美國是一個年輕的國家，但如聖經之 言，現在須拋下幼稚之行，確認美國恆久不移的偉大精神：眾皆平等，眾皆自由，每人都值得擁有一個追求最大幸福的機會。

接著歐巴馬指出，「在確認我們國家的偉大時，我們也了解，偉大從來不是被授予的，而是必須去贏取的。我們的道路從來不是捷徑，也從不妥協，是要去冒險、努力、創造的。」他誓言：「從今天開始，我們必須重拾自己，撢去塵土，再度展開再造美國的工作。」

在外交部分，對伊斯蘭世界，歐巴馬表示將依據共同利益與相互尊重，尋求彼此的新開始；對國際間試圖散播衝突或將其社會問題歸咎於西方的領袖，他希望對方理 解，「你的人民將從你能建立、而非摧毀的東西來評價你」。而藉貪污、欺騙與使異議噤聲的手段緊抓權力的領袖，則是站在歷史錯誤的一邊，「但如果你願意放鬆 拳頭，我們也願意伸手。」

歐巴馬表示，挑戰是新的，我們迎接挑戰的方法也是新的，但是我們成功所賴以的價值是舊的。這些價值就是努力、誠實、勇氣、公平、容忍、求知、忠誠、愛國。這些都是真實的；在我們的歷史中，它們一直是靜默的力量。

最後歐巴馬呼籲美國人民，鼓足希望，逆著風暴，迎向冰流，讓後代子孫傳述，這代人拒絕終止旅程，沒有轉向，沒有氣餒，憑著上帝眷顧，把視野放到地平線的另一端，秉持自由的珍貴遺產，帶給美國的下一代人。

為見證這歷史的一刻，估計至少有兩百萬人擠入國會山莊前的「國家廣場」，現場人山人海，創下歷年最多觀禮人數紀錄。而為確保就職大典順利進行，美國軍警和情治單位動員的維安人數，估計也達四萬人之多。

儘管廿日華府溫度僅有攝氏零下一度左右，但仍有數以萬計的美國人一大早起床，趁著凌晨四點起開放給沒有觀禮證的民眾進場機會，天色未亮便抵達國家廣場。

廿日一早，歐巴馬與副總統當選人拜登夫婦，出席了白宮對街「聖約翰聖公會大教堂」的禮拜，之後，歐巴馬等人驅車前往白宮，和即將卸任的總統布希、副總統錢尼共進咖啡。

歐巴馬的就職大典於廿日上午十一時卅分展開，由原任總統布希和新任總統歐巴馬自白宮一道搭車前赴國會山莊展開。抵達時，美軍陸戰隊樂隊奏樂，舊金山兒童合唱團擔綱獻詩。接著由華理克牧師帶領啟始祈禱、「靈魂樂之后」艾瑞莎．富蘭克林緊接著獻唱。

之後，在最高法院大法官史蒂文斯監誓下，拜登宣誓就任副總統，華裔大提琴家馬友友等人接著登場演奏。中午十二時整，在最高法院首席大法官羅伯茨監誓下，歐巴馬正式宣誓就任總統，並對現場上百萬民眾發表約廿分鐘就職演說。

27歲首席文膽 捉刀就職講稿

歐巴馬歷史性的就職演說，備受各界矚目。而這篇演講稿的捉刀者與共同撰寫人，乃追隨歐巴馬多年的首席文膽、年僅廿七歲的強．法洛（Jon Favreau）；有趣的是，長年酗咖啡的法洛，是在華府的星巴克咖啡店內，寫下第一篇演說初稿。

法洛追隨歐巴馬多年，充分理解歐巴馬的理念，以及演講模式與節奏，讓他獲歐巴馬欽點為白宮歷年來最年輕的演說「首席撰稿人」（chief speech writer）。

就職演說 外界高度期待

英國《衛報》指出，任何想要出類拔萃的政治人物都必須是優秀的演講者，歐巴馬也不例外，而他過去雖曾有多場震撼人心的精采演說，不過，外界對他廿日就職演說的期待，肯定勝於以往。

外界高度期待，除了因歐巴馬坦言以林肯的就職演說當作靈感外，此時美國正面臨百年一遇的金融危機，並且身陷伊拉克和阿富汗戰事泥沼，歐巴馬深知他必須在就任的那一刻起，感動且鼓舞美國人心士氣。

為民表率 重塑負責文化

就職演講的優劣，對民眾反應，向來具有決定性的影響，而美國第卅二屆總統小羅斯福當初在就職典禮上所說的經典金句：「我們唯一要恐懼的，就是恐懼本身」至今仍令人難忘。

內定白宮幕僚長伊曼紐已對外透露，歐巴馬就職演說的主題為「重塑負責任的文化」，「不僅要求美國人民，領袖也須為民表率」。

歐巴馬將此重責大任交付給法洛。歐巴馬約莫四年前認識這位年輕人，當時他正幫忙民主黨的約翰．凱瑞競逐總統大位。其間，歐巴馬在民主黨全國黨代表大會上以 激勵人心的演說，將自己推上全國焦點，而法洛也深受感動，開始研究歐巴馬的演說模式和節奏。據說，為了多了解歐巴馬，法洛隨身都帶著歐巴馬的自傳《歐巴馬 的夢想之路│以父之名》。

熬夜趕稿 常常酗濃咖啡

歐巴馬大部分的演講稿都是出自法洛之手。在競選期間，法洛常要熬夜趕稿，以便隔日讓老闆派上用場，他往往要弄到清晨三點才能睡覺，為了提神，他只好猛灌義大利濃縮咖啡和提神飲料「紅牛」，休息的空檔則打打電玩遊戲。

在去年大選投票投票當日，他預先撰寫了兩篇演講稿，一篇是當選感言，另一篇則是落選感言。當投票結果出爐那一刻，法洛寫了一封電郵給一位好友：「老兄，我們贏了，感謝老天爺！」

或是年少輕狂，去年十二月法洛和朋友在某個派對上，以手指著希拉蕊人像紙板的胸部，被人偷偷拍下張貼在社交網站Facebook，曾引起不小批評。

去年十一月，法洛開始構思撰寫歐巴馬就職演說的初稿，這對他來說，難度並不能算太高，畢竟，在先前長達十八個月的競選期間，法洛幾乎每天操練，對歐巴馬的政見、想法，以及演說的節奏、語氣和聲調，早已熟悉到不行。

17分講稿 在星巴克誕生

針對歐巴馬的就職演說稿，起初歐巴馬先花了一個小時跟法洛暢談他對演說內容的若干想法，而法洛則以電腦記下摘要。

之後，法洛花了幾個星期進行研究，他率領的團隊遍訪歷史學者、演講稿撰寫人，聆聽歷屆美國總統就職演說，以及研究這次金融危機的幾個過程。

當一切資料準備就緒，法洛定心寫下第一篇初稿，地點是華府的一家星巴克咖啡。之後，他多次與歐巴馬逐句推敲文字內容，約經過四至五次修改，這十七分鐘講稿才定板。

(中國時報)
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歐巴瑪時代揭幕

首位非裔總統 面臨嚴峻挑戰

美國與全世界正式走入歐巴瑪新時代！這位美國有史以來第一位非洲裔總統，在美東時間二十日中午十二時（台灣時間二十一日凌晨一時）宣誓就任美國第四十四位總統，矢言會以大膽、迅速手段，帶領美國走出七十年來最嚴重經濟危機及兩場遠在海外的戰爭泥沼。

四十七歲、民主黨籍的歐巴瑪在就職演說中表示，他是在國家「陷入危疑動盪之際」掌舵。他說：「今天我要告訴諸位，我們面臨的挑戰是真實、嚴重且繁多，無法輕易或在短期內解決」，但「它們終將解決」。

從共和黨卸任總統布希手中接下總統職權的歐巴瑪說，打擊美國的經濟危機乃是「某些人貪婪與不負責任」的結果。他保證會持續監督，確保市場不會失控。他說：「經濟狀態需要採取行動，大膽且迅速，我們將採取行動。」

誓以非常手段 渡過金融危機

他也矢言會負責任地將美軍撤出伊拉克，並促成阿富汗的和平，同時誓言和穆斯林世界的關係會向前邁進，走出一條新路。

但他也警告那些在世界各地發動恐怖攻擊的人，表示美國的反恐決心依然堅定。他說：「我們現在要正告你們，我們的精神更堅定，不可能被打破。你們不可能撐得比我們更久，我們將會擊敗你們。」

歐巴瑪的就職大典在國會大廈西面舉行，這是歷來第七次在此一位置舉行。歐巴瑪的副手拜登先宣誓就任副總統，然後才輪到歐巴瑪宣誓。

數十萬民眾冒著攝氏零下六度的低溫及隨時可能下雪的不便，抵達戒備森嚴的首都華盛頓，就是要見證此一歷史時刻。一般估計，國家廣場與就職遊行路線的觀禮人數在一、兩百萬人之間，但也有人估計超過兩百萬。

在 就職大典開始前，歐巴瑪與第一夫人蜜雪兒首先在上午八時四十七分現身於臨時居所「布雷爾國賓館」，然後坐上黑色防彈禮車，兩分鐘車程即抵達聖約翰教堂，副 總統拜登及其妻則已在場恭候。歐巴瑪伉儷在參加完一小時的傳統禮拜活動後，和拜登夫婦一起驅車經賓夕法尼亞大道至白宮，與布希、錢尼及國會領袖一起喝咖 啡。

重申堅定反恐 矢言自伊撤軍

好幾個世代的非洲裔美國人飽受奴役與種族隔離的痛苦，淪為二等公民。而父親是肯亞黑人、母親是堪薩斯州白人的歐巴瑪，背負著這些人的希望與夢想。他在宣誓時，手放在已故總統林肯一八六一年首任就職時用過的聖經上。而他所立足的國會大廈，部分是由黑奴祖先篳路藍縷所建。

在歐巴瑪完成宣誓以後，美軍陸戰隊樂隊演奏「向統帥致敬」的樂曲與二十一響禮砲。

布希總統也依照傳統，留了一封短箋給歐巴瑪，放在白宮橢圓形辦公室書桌的最上層抽屜。據了解，短箋內容類似選舉結果揭曉當晚布希所說過的話，亦即歐巴瑪準備開啟美國「千載難逢的新猷」，他（布希）獻上祝福。

在最近一次蓋洛普民調中，歐巴瑪獲得高達七成八的滿意度，過去歷任總統從未在四年任期之初就享有如此高的聲望，而且正好和卸任總統布希的低迷人氣成對比。

美國主要股價指數二十日因外界對企業獲利不佳及金融業體質疑慮升高而下挫，凸顯歐巴瑪將面臨的金融問題嚴重程度。

(自由時報)